Well Fed State
After we consume and digest an evening meal, glucose and amino acids are transported from the intestine to the blood. The dietary lipids are packaged into chylomicrons and transported to the blood by the lymphatic system. This fed condition leads to the secretion of insulin, which is one of the two most important regulators of fuel metabolism.
Insulin initiates protein kinase cascades—it stimulates glycogen synthesis in both muscle and the liver and suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver. Insulin also accelerates glycolysis in the liver, which in turn increases the synthesis of fatty acids. The high insulin level in the fed state also promotes the entry of glucose into muscle and adipose tissue.
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Transcript
After we consume and digest an evening meal, glucose and amino acids are transported from the intestine to the blood. The dietary lipids are packaged into chylomicrons and transported to the blood by the lymphatic system.
This fed condition leads to the secretion of insulin, which is one of the two most important regulators of fuel metabolism.
Insulin initiates protein kinase cascades—it stimulates glycogen synthesis in both muscle and the liver and suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver. Insulin also accelerates glycolysis in the liver, which in turn increases the synthesis of fatty acids. The high insulin level in the fed state also promotes the entry of glucose into muscle and adipose tissue.
In the absorptive state, liver cells convert excess glucose to glycogen for storage via the intermediary glucose-6-phosphate. Amino acids are also converted into ketone bodies that can be later converted to acetyl COA when needed.
In the absorptive state, muscle cells convert excess glucose to glycogen for storage via the intermediary glucose-6-phosphate. Amino acids are used to synthesize actin and myosin, rebuilding muscle fibers.
In the absorptive state, adipose cells store excess lipids, increasing fat reserves.